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The Less-Advanced Learner

Who is that less-advanced learner in the classroom? We know that a variety of factors such as low motivation and bad study habits usually lead to his / her poor performance. These in turn lead to repeated failure that further generates low self-esteem. This student generally doubts himself, his abilities and avoids taking risks in the classroom. Though teachers can identify many of the problems of these students, teachers don’t always have the necessary tools and resources to offer solutions. As a result teachers are often at a loss as to how to address the needs of their less-advanced English learner. The following are some suggestions teachers might consider based on the principles underlying language learning and teaching.

Materials

Success oriented materials lead to a positive self-image and can improve motivation. First, the pre-teaching of key vocabulary enhances comprehension. Providing a variety of ways students are exposed to new vocabulary suits different learning styles and enhances their ability to remember. Some suggestions are: categorizing words, translating the word into mother tongue, pointing out cognates, using different colours, and graphics to represent the meaning of a word and linking the vocabulary to a visual image. Second, introducing the theme of a passage and discussing its relationship to the students will activate their background knowledge and interest in the topic will be stimulated. Third, chunks of material taught should be small enough so students do not feel overwhelmed. Fourth, there should be a variety of graded and structured exercise types. The material should fit their level of proficiency, but still be appropriate for the age group as well as activate, build on and expand our students’ world knowledge. Finally, tasks should be designed to suit the students’ level of English but still be cognitively challenging.

The goal is to establish a supportive environment and enable students to take risks and not be afraid to make errors.

Pupil Autonomy

Teachers can help students become more autonomous learners by giving them tools, such as the teaching of various learning strategies and tips. A few examples of reading strategies include teaching students to initially read for global comprehension of a text and only afterwards for a more detailed understanding. If students understand the general meaning of the text, they will not feel totally lost. This might encourage them to try additional texts with less trepidation. In addition, teaching how texts are organized enables students to develop into more efficient readers. Students must also be taught to predict and to then either confirm or revise their predictions. Teaching link words and markers is a way of helping students predict the development of a passage.

Visuals, Mother Tongue and Personalization

There should be extensive use of illustrations and photographs in introducing the theme of a unit. This can be introduced in the students' mother tongue. This allows for a genuine exchange of opinions and ideas and increases interest value. Students can express opinions and relate the knowledge they gain in the classroom to life outside. Personalization exercises are just one good way to increase motivation. The language learning content must be meaningful for the students. Students will be more willing to learn English if they feel that what they are asked to do is relevant to themselves and that their feelings, opinions and knowledge are valued.